Identify Paragraph Subtopics and Subtopic Focus

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Instructions: For each sentence in the following paragraph, identify the primary topic and the focus of the paragraph on that topic. To review, see this discussion of paragraph topics (opens in a separate browser window).

Item 1 of 2 items

Pluto presents significant challenges for spacecraft because of its small mass and great distance from Earth. Voyager 1 could have visited Pluto, but controllers opted instead for a close flyby of Saturn's moon Titan. Voyager 2 never had a plausible trajectory for reaching Pluto. In 2000, NASA cancelled the Pluto Kuiper Express mission, citing increasing costs and launch vehicle delays. The first spacecraft to visit Pluto will be NASA's New Horizons, launched on January 19, 2006.

The subtopic is that one word or phrase about which everything in the current sentence comments on, focuses on. The subtopic focus is a word or phrase that captures how the current sentence focuses on that topic.

Paragraph	Subtopic	Subtopic focus
Pluto presents significant challenges for spacecraft because of its small mass and great distance from Earth.	Pluto 0 spacecraft challenges spacecraft challenges Earth Voyager 1 Saturn's moon Titan NASA Pluto Kuiper Express mission NASA's New Horizons	spacecraft challenges 0 Pluto's small size and great distance future missions to Pluto past missions involving Pluto past and future missions involving Pluto
Voyager 1 could have visited Pluto, but controllers opted instead for a close flyby of Saturn's moon Titan.	Pluto 1 spacecraft challenges spacecraft challenges Earth Voyager 1 Saturn's moon Titan NASA Pluto Kuiper Express mission NASA's New Horizons	spacecraft challenges 1 Pluto's small size and great distance future missions to Pluto past missions involving Pluto past and future missions involving Pluto
Voyager 2 never had a plausible trajectory for reaching Pluto.	Pluto 2 spacecraft challenges spacecraft challenges Earth Voyager 1 Saturn's moon Titan NASA Pluto Kuiper Express mission NASA's New Horizons	spacecraft challenges 2 Pluto's small size and great distance future missions to Pluto past missions involving Pluto past and future missions involving Pluto
In 2000, NASA cancelled the Pluto Kuiper Express mission, citing increasing costs and launch vehicle delays.	Pluto 3 spacecraft challenges spacecraft challenges Earth Voyager 1 Saturn's moon Titan NASA Pluto Kuiper Express mission NASA's New Horizons	spacecraft challenges 3 Pluto's small size and great distance future missions to Pluto past missions involving Pluto past and future missions involving Pluto
The first spacecraft to visit Pluto will be NASA's New Horizons, launched on January 19, 2006.	Pluto 4 spacecraft challenges spacecraft challenges Earth Voyager 1 Saturn's moon Titan NASA Pluto Kuiper Express mission NASA's New Horizons	spacecraft challenges 4 Pluto's small size and great distance future missions to Pluto past missions involving Pluto past and future missions involving Pluto

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